All Clud / Dumbarton Rock

All Clud  / Dumbarton Rock
All Clud / Dumbarton Rock

Friday, 13 May 2016

Knock Murton (NY095195)

Knock Murton (NY095195) Armstrong et al  (1950) take this as Gaelic cnoc  + the English place-name Murton. However it could be Cumbric cnwch.  Either way it was given to a pre-existing English name by resurgent Celtic speakers.  Surrounding names such as Banna Fell, Lamplugh, Low Pen, Mockerkin and, I believe, Cogra Moss are Cumbric so rather than an isolated Gaelic name I would see it as another Cumbric name belonging to this group.
 Knucklas in Radnorshire is Cnwc Las, there is Tancnwch in Ceredigion, from Celtic *knokk-  

Normally the Celtic geminate -kk- developed to /χ/ in Welsh, Breton and Cornish. However,Alan James reviews suggestions that the unvoiced geminates did not develop as spirants in Pictish cf Welsh peth for Pictish pett-. He also notes Kenneth Jackson's  suggestion that there was no evidence of -kk- to /χ/ north of Hadrian's Wall (James, 2013) If the geminated velar stop -kk- did not develop in Cumbric as it does not seem to have done so in Pritenic (Pictish) then the Cumbric cognate of Gaelic cnocc  would be /knɔk/. We should also note that the lowering of /o/ to /u/ before /x/ is a Welsh feature . There is a Cnwc at SO068011 near Aberfan. So in Welsh place-names we see mainly cnwch as we would expect but some examples of cnwc - possibly influenced by Irish cnoc, though still showing the Welsh /u/ not /o/ and in Cnwc Las part of an otherwise purely Welsh name.
 
Welsh cnwch or cnwc, Cornish cnegh or cnogh (Padel, 1985) Breton krec'h from Old Breton cnoch.


 So, the Cumbric could be *cnocc, (I don't see much evidence for a Cumbric cnucc) The English Place Names Society volumes on the Vocabulary of English Place-Names, vol Ceafor-Cock-Pit notes the Old English *cnocc "hill, hillock" - found in Kent and Sussex. They say this is a native OE word, but in Knock Murton, we have clear Celtic syntax which favours  a Celtic derivation for Knock, though Murton is a standard English name. 

I think this is a Cumbric hill name given by a Cumbric speaking population living alongside Anglians. 

It's worth noting also that Knock hills seems to be conical with steep sides, something like the hills called Dodd in English.

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